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This text tries to describe important moments through the communication history.
In the 1830's Carl Gauss and Wilhelm Weber developed the first telegraph system in Göttingen. They used 4 different voltage levels in order to represent their alphabet. In 1840 Samuel Morse patents the practical telegraph, and in 1844 Morse set up 40-mile telegraph line between Washington, DC, and Baltimore.
In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas A. Watson demonstrate and patent the telephone. Elisha Grey submitted independent invention disclosure on same day as Bell's patent submission, but lost out. Bell then formed the Bell Telephone Company (1878) and he established the first office in New Haven CT.
In 1887 Heinrich Hertz produces the first man-made radio waves; and also in this year Charles Vernon Boys describes the idea of guiding light through glass fibers. Guilielmo Marconi developed the first wireless telegraph system in 1896.
Now it's time for the Digital Communication, the PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) was invented in 1939, which later became the basic for digitilized voice transmission.
Claude Shannon published two benchmark papers on Information Theory in 1948. This papers contained the basis for data compression and error detection. During the 50's, AT&T introduced the 300bps modem (Bell 103) and 1200bps modem; these modems used the FSK (Frequency Shifting Key) modulation.
In 1962 the first communication Stellite was launched into orbit. The next year, 1963 the ASCII code was invented, it used 7 bits in order to encode alpha-numeric and control characters.
Modems appeared at 4800 bps using 8-phase PSK and at 9600 bps using QAM, during the 60's. In 1968, DARPA selected BBN to develop the ARPANET, the father of the modern internet.
In 1970 the first low-loss optical fiber announced having an attenuation of 20 dB/km. And during the 70's the packet switching emerges as an efficient means of data communications, with the X.25 standard emerging late in the decade. In 1976 Ethernet was invented by Robert Metcalf, leading to 1 Mbps to 10 Mbps LAN based on the IEEE 802.3 standard.
In 1977 AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Systems), invented by Bell Labs, was first installed in the US with geographic regions divided by cells. In January 1st, TCP/IP was selected as the official protocol for the ARPANET. In 1984 the world's telephone companies, led by the CCITT standards organization, agreed to build fully digital circuit switched telephone system, known as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), for voice and non-voice data communication.
In the middle of the decade, 80's, 565 Mbps optical fiber systems are commonare public switched network. Late in the decade, LANs emerged as an effective way to transfer data between a group of local computers.
In 1992 Bell Labs demonstrated 5-Gbpstransmission of optical solitons over 15000 km, and 10 Gbps over 11000 km. And in the same year, One million host connected to Internet. In 1993 the IPv4 (Internet Protocol) was established for reliable transmission over the internet conjuction with the TCP.
In 1993 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (ADSL) standardized using the discrete multitone technique to allow greater services to be provided over the plain old telephone service (POTS). In 1996 1000BASE-T standardization begins for 1 Gbps ethernet, expected to be available in 1999
1998 - Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, and Toshiba announce they will join to develop Bluetooth for wireless data exchange between handheld computers or cellular phones and stationary computers.
1990's Late in the decade, 56-kbps modems are available for high-speed communication over standard telephone lines, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) based on L2TP and IPsec security techniques become available.